Series Circuits

This image shows the concepts of series (left) and parallel (right) circuits. In each circuit, there is a 9 V battery and two 500 Ω resistors. In the series circuit, the resistors subtract voltage and the current is equal everywhere. In the parallel circuit, each resistor provides additional conductivity, so the current through each of them is summed and the voltage is equal everywhere. See Series and parallel circuits. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Three electrical resistors. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Resistors in series (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: A series circuit (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Series circuits are sometimes called cascade-coupled or daisy chain-coupled. In series, the same current passes through all the components in the series. It has moe than one resistor (anything that uses electricity to do work). An ammeter located anywhere in the circuit would measure the same quantity. An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to calculate the flow of an electric current in a circuit.

In a series circuit, there’s only one pathway that the current can get because resistors are arranged in a chain. Through each resistor, the current is the same, so you would find the total resistance of the circuit by adding up the resistance of each resistor.

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Magnetism

Magnets have many uses in toys. M-tic uses magnetic rods connected to metal spheres for construction. Note the geodesic pyramid. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: Magnetic field of an ideal cylindrical magnet with its axis of symmetry inside the image plane. This is a thumbnail version optimized for 220px. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: A macro showing the effects of magnetism using two magnets of an unknown type. Français : Un macro montrant les effets du magnétisme à l’aide de deux aimants d’un type inconnu. Español: Una macro que demuestra los efectos del magnetismo usando dos imanes de un tipo desconocido. Deutsch: Ein Makro, das die Effekte von Magnetismus mit zwei Magneten einer unbekannten Art zeigt. Nederlands: Een macro die de gevolgen van magnetisme toont dat twee magneten van een onbekend type gebruikt. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

A stack of ferrite magnets (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Let’s start of by introducing magnets. Magnets are materials whose atoms can be aligned. The magnets that you see everyday, like the ones on the refrigerators for example, are usually made of iron. Although, not all iron are magnets. The dissimilarity between magnetized and non-magnetized iron is in their magnetic domains. These are sections of atoms that all have the same magnetic polarity (North – South alignment). You can visualize them as mini-magnets. In a non-magnetized piece of iron, the magnetic domains are messed up and pointing in different directions. That makes the magnetic fields abandon each other out. But in magnetized iron, the magnetic domains are all lined up in the same direction, so their fields expand each other.

Here are some elements that can be magnetic:

• Fe – Iron
• Co – Cobalt
• Ni – Nickel

English: A magnetic schematic (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

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Buoyancy

English: A density column containing some common liquids and solids. From top: baby oil, rubbing alcohol, vegetable oil, wax, water, and aluminum. Food coloring was added to rubbing alcohol and water for visibility. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: SVG version of :Image:Buoyancy.jpg (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Buoyancy is the upward force that a fluid applies on an object that is less dense than itself. The buoyancy of an object in water depends on its volume (the amount of space it takes up) and its density   compared to the density of the water. Objects that have large volumes and low densities have a tendency to be quite buoyant. The best example would be a ship. Ships are buoyant because the hulls of ships are usually filled with air, which is less dense than water. Buoyancy is important to several vehicles such as ships (as mentioned), boats, balloons, and airships, and it play an important part in diverse natural phenomena such as sedimentation.

According to Archimedes’ (of Syracuse) Principle, “Any object wholly or partly immersed in fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.” Which means that an immersed object is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it actually displaces.

Buoyancy is also a diver’s tendency to float while they are under water. In scuba diving, divers don’t only use the term buoyancy to describe it as ‘an objects ability to float in water’ but they also have: Positive buoyancy (When diver floats upwards in the water or remains in floating in surface.); Negative buoyancy (When diver sinks downwards in water or remains on the bottom.); Neutral buoyancy (When a diver neither sinks nor floats, but remains suspended in the water at a single depth.)

I myself have tried scuba diving a couple of times in Batangas, and it is actually quite difficult at first. Other than having difficulty in equalization, buoyancy is also something diver’s have to remember. At first, buoyancy is hard to control, it was hard not to sink down the water. But after a while, I could control it already, I could manage not to sink down anymore. Now, I can dive without having to worry about my buoyancy.

Oxygen toxicity occurs when the lungs take in a higher than normal O 2 partial pressure, which can occur in deep scuba diving. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Electricity

Electricity is something that is used in daily life like to power computers, schools, and homes. without electricity we would all be sitting in darkness. Electricity gives out a wide range of effects like lightning, static electricity, electromagnetic induction and the follow of the electric current. Electricity occurs because of many different types of physics. one is electric charges. an electric charge has a property of some subatomic particles. Subatomic particles determines the electromagnetic interaction. another is the electric current, an electric current is the flow of electrically charged particles. An electric field is produced by an electric charge, even if it isnt in motion. 

an example of electricity when being used is when the lights are on. an electric current flows through wires to power up the lightbulb to bring light into homes. another example would be a computer. a computer needs to be charged to be used, so when someone plugs the computer charger into a socket, the electric current flows into the charger, the wires then into the computer.

electricity is one of the most needed and useful things today, without it we would be living in darkness and without technology.

Density

         Density is how closely packed molecules in an object are. To make it simpler, Density is how much an object volume weighs. The formula to find density is mass/volume. Density in general is the amount of anything per unit volume.Gases have the lowest density, solids have the highest density, and liquids have the intermediate level of density.  Examples of Gases are: chlorine, and hydrogen. Examples of liquids are: mercury, sulfuric acid, water, olive oil and ethanol.Examples of solids are: iron, gold, and wood. For example a rock is more dense a piece of crumpled paper of the same size, another example is a styrofoam cup is not as heavy as a ceramic cup.

An example of real life density:  ice bergs float on water because the density of ice is less then water. things that are less dense float on top of things that are more dense because the molecules in the ice are further apart and in water the molecules are closely together.

Another example is the oil and vinegar on your salad dressing. The oil is buoyed up on the vinegar water mixture, as the solids sink to the bottom.  One more example of density would be oil spills. when an oil tank leaks onto the ocean, the oil floats on the water cause its less dense. the allows opportunities to clean up oil spills by removing oil from the surface of the water.